The decrease of testosterone in males is called andropause. This happens when a man reaches the age of 40 where there is a gradual decrease in their testosterone; about one percent less each year. Symptoms of andropause include, depression, insomnia, increased body fat, and difficulty concentrating.
A genus is typically the name for a small group of closely related organisms. The second part of a scientific name, axyridis in this example, is the specific epithet. It is used to identify a particular species as separate from others belonging to the same genus.
Answer;
-Algae and fungi are biotic; temperature and rainfall are abiotic.
Explanation;
-Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of an environment. These include things such as sunlight, temperature, wind, water, soil and naturally occurring events such as storms, fires and volcanic eruptions.
-Biotic factors are the living parts of an environment, such as plants, animals and micro-organisms. These factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem. These are obtained from the biosphere and are capable of reproduction. Examples of biotic factors are animals, birds, plants, fungi, and other similar organisms.
Answer: The answer is B- Diffusion of calcium ions through NMDA receptors.
Explanation:
Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a painful sensation experienced after the loss or amputation of a limb. The limb is no longer there but the individual can still feel real and severe pains in the limb. This occurs soon after surgery.
NMDA is a receptor for Glutamate which is an excitatory neurotransmitter. The activation of NMDA receptors are associated with hyperalgesia which is an abnormally heightened sensitivity to pain.
