Answer:
a) The net ATP yield from fructose 1,6‑bisphosphate is 32 ATP
b) The net ATP yield from galactose is 30 ATP
c) The net ATP yield from dihydroxyacetone phosphate is 16 ATP
d) The net ATP yield from pyruvate is 12.5 ATP
e) The net ATP yield from lactate is 14 ATP
f) The net ATP yield from phosphoenolpyruvate is 13.5 ATP
Explanation:
a) In this case, 2 ATP molecules are not used for the phosphorylation of glucose for the production of fructose bisphosphate 1.6, thus, the net ATP yield is 32 ATP.
b) Galactose is converted to glucose-1-phosphate through reactions that lead to phosphorylation. Glucose-1-phosphate is transformed into glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. Later it is used in glycolysis, thus, the net ATP yield is 30 ATP.
c) The fructose 1,6 bisphosphate is decomposed in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate. ATP performance is (2.5+2.5+11) = 16 ATP
d) Pyruvate is decarboxylated oxidatively to produce acetyl-CoA. ATP yields are:
Glycolysis = 0
Oxidative decarboxylation = 2.5 ATP
TCA cycle = 10 ATP
The net yield is 2.5 + 10 = 12.5 ATP
e) Lactate is oxidized to pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase with a reduction of NAD. Pyruvate is brought into the mitochondria, where it is decarboxylated oxidatively to produce acetyl-CoA. If 1.5 ATP is assumed for cytosolic NADH, therefore 1.5 is produced. So, the net yield is: 12.5 + 1.5 = 14
f) Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by ATP production through phosphorylation. ATP yield is as follows:
Glycolysis = 1
Oxidative decarboxylation = 2.5 ATP
TCA cycle = 10 ATP
The net yield is 1 + 2.5 + 10 = 13.5 ATP
