F(x) = -x²-17 is not a translation.
A translation of this graph would either have something added to/subtracted from the end of the function (the c value) or something added or subtracted to x before it is squared. f(x) = -x²-17 is a reflection, as the coefficient of x² is negative.
Every other choice has something either added to or subtracted from either x before it is squared or from the end.
Answer:
(a) 2ab - a/b
(b) c² + d + 2cd
(c) c + c²
(d) Let x be the number that is 1 greater than b, then x = b + 1
Let y be the number twice as large as b, then y = 2b
Then the quotient of x and y is what we want. This is (b + 1)/2b
(e) pq - 3(p + q)
(f) The quotient of n² and n³ + 5, this is
n²/(n³ + 5)
3.5 · 10⁻² · 2.64 · 10²⁰
= 3.5 · 2.64 · 10²⁰⁻²
= 9.24 · 10¹⁸
