Answer:
1) England was looking at the settlement of colonies as a way of fulfilling its desire to sell more goods and resources to other countries than it bought. ... At the same time, colonies could be markets for England's manufactured goods. England knew that establishing colonies was an expensive and risky business
2) Colonization ruptured many ecosystems, bringing in new organisms while eliminating others. The Europeans brought many diseases with them.
3) Since the Europeans brought many diseases with them, it decimated Native American populations. Colonists and Native Americans alike looked to new plants as possible medicinal resources. The Native Americans didn't like the Colonists becasue of this.
A decade after gaining its independence from Mexico, Texas accepted annexation into the United States on Dec. 29, 1845.
Answer: A. a paradigm shift,as it challenged the existing paradigm of the day
Explanation:
A paradigm shift is a major change that occurs in the practices and the concepts of how something works.
Since Ptolemy believed that the earth was at the center of the universe while Copernicus asserted the notion that the sun was at the center of the solar system. Thomas Kuhn would call this an example of paradigm shift.
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Calorie is a unit of energy.
Specifically, it is defined as the energy that is needed to raise the temperature by one degree Kalvin (or Celcius, which is the same) of one gram of water in an earth's atmosphere.