Answer:
a) 2.6
b) -15
c) 9
d) 
e) 1.26
Step-by-step explanation:
P=2 so 81-p is equal to 81-2 which equals 79
1) In this study, the control group is the first group of 310 subjects that were instructed to take only 600 mg daily of vitamin C. (Option C; that is, group 1).
2) The study is not Blind (Option C).
In an experimental setup to test a theory, A control group is the set of experimental participants that the theory to be tested isn't applied upon.
In the case of testing a new treatment, the control group is the group that the new treatment isn't administered.
For this question, the experiment was set up to test the effectiveness of a combination of vitamin A and vitamin E in treating flu cases rather than using vitamin C alone. Group A is the only group that only the old treatment alone is applied to; group 1 participants received no dosage of the new combination of treatments to be tested involving vitamins A and E, unlike the two other groups.
It is obvious now why the experimental participants of group 1 are the control group.
2) A blind experiment/study is one in which the participants don't know which group they belong to, whether they are in the control group or the other experimental group. Like in this case, if this was a blind study, the participants wouldn't know which group they belonged to or which treatment is administered to them.
A double-blind experiment/study is one in which both the conductors of the experiment and the participants in the experiment wouldn't know which group any participant is in. The conductors wouldn't know which participants were in the control or treatment group and the participants too wouldn't have an idea whether they are in the control or treatment group.
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The equation of a circle is (x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2
x and y are left alone in a circle equation, while h and k are the coordinates of the center.
Thus, our equation is (x - 7)^2 + (y + 2)^2 = 61
