Answer:
C) From the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria.
Explanation:
The protiens synthesized by the cells move through the endomembrane system and are released from the trans face of the golgi apparatus in the transport vesicles that move through the cytoplasm and ultimately fuse with the plasma membrane resulting in the release of the protien to the outside of the cell.
Hence option C) From the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. is the right answer.
I believe it is the production of chlorophyll. Respiration occurs in all living cells including leaves.
Explanation:
B. Lactic acid is produced from lactobacilli as the starter undergoes fermentation
Thus, they utilize other means for the generation of energy in the form of ATP and to replenish NAD+ an oxidized form of NADH, the main electron carrier in glycolysis. Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is produced in the cytoplasm via glycolysis- it is also used as an electron acceptor in a process called fermentation. In lactic acid bacteria, the pyruvate produced is directly transferred to lactate (a form of lactic acid) producing NAD+.
Further Explanation:
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
Within cells, aerobic respiration may not occur due to several factors:
- - a lack of inorganic, final electron acceptors
- -incomplete or lack of a complete electron transport system
- -missing genes for enzymes within the Kreb's cycle
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Near a hydrothermal vents in the Pacific ocean on the seafloor.
Answer:
The drugs will need to target the genes and proteins that are responsible for the process of mitosis, The drugs could target the promoter regions of proto-oncogenes, that spur mitosis, and make them inaccessible to RNA polymerase. This will reduce the number of cyclins D1 and CDK4 & CDK6 that ‘floor the gas pedal’ on mitosis. These cancer drugs could also increase the expression of tumor suppressor genes by RNA polymerase hence increasing the number of tumor suppressor proteins that ‘put the brakes’ on mitosis.
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