<span>Proteins are large biomolecules that are made up of long chains of building block molecules called amino acids. Each amino acid folds to form a protein with a specific cellular function.
Nucleic acid is basically DNA & RNA. DNA is the genetic information that contains all the information one needs to live. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid and has a variety of roles.
When comparing them, they actually don't look at all similar when looking at the large molecules or the 'building blocks'. But, they're both made up of mostly carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. The elements mentioned are assembled in different ways for both Proteins & Nucleic acid. The major similarity between them is that with the protein production DNA and RNA contain all the information that a cell uses to make protein.
</span><span>Their overall interactions can be summed up by the central dogma of molecular biology:
DNA --transcription--> RNA --translation--> Proteins
</span>
I am hoping that this answer has satisfied your query and it will be able to help you in your endeavor, and if you would like, feel free to ask another question.
<span>Metric Units review the size of millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers and how to convert between them.
Hope this helps!</span>
I'm assuming that the questions and choices are set up like this:
<span>A trait controlled by a dominant gene _______.
a.) </span><span>will be expressed even when the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair is different
b.) </span><span>will be expressed only if it is paired with two recessive genes
c.) </span><span>will not be expressed if it is paired with another dominant gene
d.) </span><span>will not be expressed when the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair is different
If this is the case, then the answer is a.)
Tr</span>aits controlled by dominant genes will be expressed even when the corresponding gene in the other half <span>of the pair is different
Hope this helps! :)</span>
Answer:
<em><u>Concentration gradients:</u></em>
- Passive transport: In favor ----> Simple Diffusion and facilitated diffusion
- Active transport: Against
<u><em>Phospholipid bilayer</em></u>
- Passive transport: Small particles or molecules can pass through the membrane----> Simple diffusion
- Active transport: Big particles or molecules need proteins to pass from one side to the other of the membrane
<u><em>Membrane proteins</em></u>
- Passive transport: Channel proteins in favor of electrochemical gradient---> Facilitated diffusion
- Active transport: Transporters or carrier proteins help molecules to pass to the other side of the membrane the electrochemical gradient.
Explanation:
<u>Diffusion:</u> Refers to the pass of some small polar hydrophilic molecules through the lipidic bilayer. There are momentary membrane openings that allow small molecules to freely move from one side to the other in favor of the electrochemical gradient. These openings are the result of the lipids movements. The membrane permeability depends on the size of the molecule. The bigger the molecule is, the less capacity to cross the membrane it has. Diffusion is a very slow process, and to be efficient requires short distances and pronounced concentration gradients.
<u>Facilitated diffusion:</u> Occurs when big hydrophilic molecules cannot move freely across the membrane. In these situations, channel proteins are in charge of passive transport. Facilitated diffusion also occurs in favor of electrochemical gradients, meaning that molecules move from the more concentrated side to the less concentrated side.
<em>Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are passive transport processes because the cell does not need any energy to make it happen. </em>
<u>Active transport </u>is against the electrochemical gradient, so it does need energy to happen. Molecules move from a lower concentration side to a higher concentration side. This process is always in charge of carrier proteins. In primary active transport, the energy needed comes from the ATP molecule. In secondary active transport, the energy comes from the membrane electric potential.
<u>Transmembrane proteins</u> act in active and passive transport, connecting cells, and participating in signal transduction.
Channel proteins act by passive transport (these proteins do not need energy to carry in or out substances. They do it according to an electrochemical gradient) and carrier proteins act during active transport (these proteins do need the energy to transport substances because they do it against an electrochemical gradient). These transmembrane proteins carry in those substances needed by the cells to properly perform their activities, and they can also carry out waste substances.
Homeostasis is defined as a state of equilibrium or balance.
Hope this helps!