Answer:
Yes, the model of the helium atom is showing an ion.
Explanation:
Helium, with an atomic number of 2, should have 2 protons and 2 electrons; however, the model only depicts 1 electron. That means the helium must have lost an electron, making it a +1 charge and an ion.
Reactions that hydrolyze the phosphodiester bonds split the DNA molecule between the phosphate groups and the hydroxyl groups of the two sugar groups.
In DNA there is a covalent bond through a phosphate group that connects the hydroxyl group (OH) at the 5' position of the pentose sugar and the hydroxyl group at the 3' position of the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide. This covalent bond is called a phosphodiester bond because chemically the phosphate group is in the diester form.
In other words, the phosphodiester bond connects the sugar in one nucleotide to the sugar in the next nucleotide, so this bond simultaneously connects the two consecutive nucleotides to form a polynucleotide chain. If there is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of covalent bonds that combine nucleotides, what happens is that the phosphodiester link between deoxyribose sugars will break.
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The answer is c because the genes has all the genetic information inside of it.
A single motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates is called a motor unit.
- Motor neurons are more than just relays for the motor commands sent down the hierarchy from higher levels. They themselves are parts of intricate circuits that carry out extensive information processing.
- Due to their highly branching, intricate dendritic trees, motor neurons are able to integrate inputs from several other neurons and generate accurate outputs.
- A single motor neuron, and nothing else, innervates each and every muscle fiber (make sure you understand the difference between a muscle and a muscle fiber). However, several muscle fibers can be innervated by a single motor neuron.
- A motor unit is the aggregate of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervates. The innervation ratio refers to how many fibers a motor unit innervates.
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