Whattt? No details please provide
Adversity means difficulties and misfortune.
It would be A because the only thing the sentence needed was a subject and once you add mike to the sentence fragment, it becomes a sentence without changing anything besides the person who called and left a message
The right answer you are looking for is denotation
1. C: she would not go to the choral concert.
Her not going to the concert caused her to fail the course and not be allowed to re-take it. The F and the inability to retake the course would be the effect.
2. False
Many events can have more than one cause and more than one effect. Effects, especially, can be high in number because one cause can set off a chain of events that affect a lot of different people.