<span>Answers;
1.Breeding of individuals that have genes for two different characteristics; Dihybrid cross
2.A grid system used to predict possible combinations of genes due to random fertilization; Punnet square
3 A condition in which both alleles are dominant; Codominance
4.when more than two alternatives exist for a gene; multiple alleles
5.A condition in which neither pair of alleles is dominant or recessive, so the traits blend in the phenotype ;Incomplete dominance;
Explanation;
</span>Dihybrid cross;
<span>It involves the breeding of individuals that have genes for two different characteristics. It involves the cross of individuals that are both heterozygous for two different traits. For example two different traits in a pea plant; color and shape; for color we have; Y-allele for yellow seeds and y- allele for green seeds, For Shape trait; R-allele for round seeds and r-allele for wrinkled seeds. So the dihydbrid cross would be (RrYy </span>× RrYy).
<span>
Punnet square;
</span><span>This a grid system or a square diagram that is used to predict possible combinations of genes due to random fertilization. It is used by biologists determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.
</span><span>The letters on the outside of a Punnett Square stand for the parent allele.
</span>
Codominance;
<span>This is a condition in heterozygotes in which both members of an allelic pair are dominant and both contribute to the phenotype.
A good example of codominance is the ABO blood group; A person with blood group AB, it means that both the A allele and B allele are equally expressed.
Multiple alleles
</span><span>This is when more than two alternatives for a gene exist.
Examples of multiple allelism in human;The genes of the ABO blood group system. The human ABO system is controled by three alleles, namely; A-allele, B-allele and O-allele.
Incomplete dominance;
</span><span>This is condition in heterozygotes in which both members of an allelic pair are neither dominant nor recessive to other alleles, so the two traits blend in the phenotype of the individual.
An example; is a snapdragon flower that is pink as a result of cross-pollination between a red flower and a white flower. Which means neither the white allele or the red allele are dominant. </span>
<span>The gland which signals other glands to secrete hormones is the pituitary gland.</span>
1. water temperature of lakes and rivers rise - nuclear power plant. Water is used as a coolant to maintain the temperature of nuclear reactors. and the resulting water is warmed up.
<span>
2.carbon monoxide pollutes air - </span> internal combustion engine. Internal combustion engines release fumes of carbon monoxide.
<span>
3. fly ash of soot in air - </span>coal-burning power plant. Coal burning plants release ash produced in small dark flecks.<span>
4. soil contamination of water resources - </span>DDT spraying in agriculture. DDT washes off agricultural land into water resources.
<span>
5. sewage contamination of water resources -</span>population density. Urban areas produce a low of sewage, which is usually treated before being disposed of in rivers or the sea.
<span>
6. excess plant growth in the lakes or rivers - </span>phosphate detergents. In many rivers, algal growth is limited by phosphate. Once excess phosphate is released to rivers, exponential algal growth can occur.<span>
7.reduces farmland and plant life to cleanse air - </span>urban sprawl. Urban sprawl uses up land for houses in an inefficient manner that could have been used for farming or natural areas.
<span>
8. studies air,water, and land - </span>ecologist. Ecology is the study of <span>relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.</span><span>
</span>
Atom -> molecule - organelle - cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism - population - community - ecosystem - biosphere
There’s more to this but that’s whether you require more or less of the list
Answer:
cytosol (intracellular fluid), interstitial fluid, plasma
