B, have been stagnant in their numbers.
Answer: B) Rachel will have less fatigue and fewer colds than will Leah.
Explanation: According to scientific studies, long-term stress and pessimism are linked, so that pessimistic persons like Leah, who always see the worst, accumulate stress. On the other hand, it has also been scientifically proven that stress is a trigger for many organic diseases, including serious illnesses, and of course colds and pain in the body, head, shoulders, etc. Stress affects the immune system, so logically, pessimistic people are more susceptible to stress, and therefore colds, diseases, etc.
Answer:
D. fixed-ratio; variable-ratio.
Explanation:
In Operant Conditioning, the highest rates of responding occurred when rats reinforced for pressing a bar were placed on <em>fixed-ratio</em> and <em>variable-ratio</em> schedules of reinforcement. A fixed-ratio schedule, is reinforcement after a set number of responses have been provided. In the fixed-ratio schedule, the reward is predictable and produces high levels of responses. In the variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcement is provided after a varying set of responses. The reward is unpredictable and it produces a steady rate of responses.
