It was for a faster route to the united states, so it is b
Functional Autonomy
(I'm not sure if I spelled that right)
It is Robert Merton. Merton's hypothesis of aberrance comes from his 1938 investigation of the connection between culture, structure, and anomie. Merton characterizes culture as a "sorted out arrangement of regularizing esteems overseeing conduct which is basic to individuals from an assigned society or gathering".