The boundary layer thickness is usually defined as the distance from the wall to the point where the flow velocity reaches 99 % of the free stream value.
In the very thin boundary layer associated with free stream flows with high Reynolds numbers, a steep rise in velocity occurs perpendicular to the wall.
Boundary layer thickness = 0.37*Distance on x-axis/(Reynolds Number^(1/5))
δ = 0.37*x/(Re^(1/5))
This formula uses 3 Variables:
Variables Used
Boundary layer thickness - (Measured in Meter) - Boundary layer thickness is the distance normal to the wall to a point where the flow velocity has essentially reached the 'asymptotic' velocity.
Distance on x-axis - (Measured in Meter) - Distance on x-axis is the distance of point measured along x-axis form origin.
Reynolds Number - The Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid which is subjected to relative internal movement due to different fluid velocities. A region where these forces change behavior is known as a boundary layer, such as the bounding surface in the interior of a pipe.
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Answer: C. Cuba broke relations with the United States and allied itself with the Soviet Union.
Explanation:
The overthrow of President Fulgencio Bautista and replaced by a socialist government led by Fidel Castro in December 1958 is known as the Cuban revolution. This movement led to the establishment of the communist party in Cuba, supported by the Soviet Union.
This process led to the end of relations between the United States and Cuba, due to the zero-tolerance of the United States government towards communism, and to the support, Cuba received from the Soviet Union (enemies of the United States during the Cold War). This subsequently led to a series of situations of tension between the two countries, and the establishment of a process of the trade embargo against Cuba by the United States.
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The answer to this question is <span>when two variables are correlated, we cannot be sure what is causing the correlation.
For example, let's there is a study that found an increase in consumption in tofu lead to an increase in breast cancer.
Even if it's true that those two really correlated (let's just assume it), we wouldn't be able to know why it is correlated without further researches.</span>
Answer:
In a group of city-states, each city-state is independent and rules by its own king. No central power controlled all of the city-states. In an empire, consisting of a nation and the city-states and nations it has conquered, one ruler is in control.
Explanation:
