Explanation:
In 1651, Thomas Hobbes famously wrote that life in the state of nature – that is, our natural condition outside the authority of a political state – is ‘solitary, poore, nasty brutish, and short.’ Just over a century later, Jean-Jacques Rousseau countered that human nature is essentially good, and that we could have lived peaceful and happy lives well before the development of anything like the modern state. At first glance, then, Hobbes and Rousseau represent opposing poles in answer to one of the age-old questions of human nature: are we naturally good or evil? In fact, their actual positions are both more complicated and interesting than this stark dichotomy suggests. But why, if at all, should we even think about human nature in these terms, and what can returning to this philosophical debate tell us about how to evaluate the political world we inhabit today?
The question of whether humans are inherently good or evil might seem like a throwback to theological controversies about Original Sin, perhaps one that serious philosophers should leave aside. After all, humans are complex creatures capable of both good and evil. To come down unequivocally on one side of this debate might seem rather naïve, the mark of someone who has failed to grasp the messy reality of the human condition. Maybe so. But what Hobbes and Rousseau saw very clearly is that our judgements about the societies in which we live are greatly shaped by underlying visions of human nature and the political possibilities that these visions entail.
#1.<span>Constitutional rights that are only secured for citizens. The most notable of these are the rights to vote and be elected for office.
#2.</span><span>Constitutional rights that are secured for citizens and permanent residents. The common interpretation of the Constitution is that where it says "the people," it usually refers to citizens and permanent residents. An example of such right is the second amendment - "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed" (since it says "the people," it refers to citizens and permanent residents, not any other aliens).</span>
True it is true I think I may be wrong.If I am please point it out.
Freedom of speech (i don't know whats your question exactly).
hope this helps :)
