Answer: a. 0.1031; fail to reject the null hypothesis
Step-by-step explanation:
Given: Significance level : 
The test statistic in a two-tailed test is z = -1.63.
The P-value for two-tailed test :
[By p-value table]
Since, 0.1031 > 0.05
i.e. p-value > 
So, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. [When p<
then we reject null hypothesis ]
So, the correct option is a. 0.1031; fail to reject the null hypothesis.
4p - 2 when p=8
(4 x 8) - 2
32 - 2
30
answer: 30
hope it helped :)