<span>proton gradient</span> establishment
Chemiosmosis is the process that allows the diffusion of a
molecule or an atom through the membrane. Also, it is the movement of ions
across semipermeable membrane down their electrochemical gradients. In chloroplast,
chemiosmotic coupling is an important factor in ATP production through proton
gradient establishment.
Answer:
Nitrogen is present in the atmosphere in a molecule form about 78 percent. This nitrogen comes to the earth with the water through rainfall. Some nitrogen fix by beneficial microorganisms such as Cyanobacteria and Azotobactor which are present in the roots of higher plants. These microorganisms convert nitrogen molecule into nitrates and used by the plants. There are some other microorganisms which again convert nitrate into nitrogen molecules, called denitrifying bacteria and nitrogen molecule goes to the atmosphere again and complete the cycle.
The answer of the first question is double fertilization !!! I don't get the second question so.... comment if you have that question !!!
Answer:
This is false.
Explanation:
Stars are made of very hot gas. This gas is mostly hydrogen and helium, which are the two lightest elements. ... Most stars have small amounts of heavier elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and iron, which were created by stars that existed before them.
Answer:
The average conversion energy from producers to primary consumers is b. 10%.
Explanation:
This percentage actually holds true for all transfer of energy at any trophic level in the food chain. Majority of the energy loss can be attributed to metabolic processes that give off heat and other forms of energy. It is important to note that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it is simply transformed from one form to another.
