There are several mutations that benefit the organism.A well known example is the antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria, which aid in their survival even when they are exposed to a given antibiotic. A single gene mutation in wild almond trees resulted in a variety that no longer synthesizes amygdalin.
They use radiometry and pyrometry
NASA uses the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satelite (TESS) telescope that employes this technology
This telescope measures the brightness/luminosity of stars. When this brightness drops regularly, every more or less in the same number of years, then there is the likelihood of a planet orbiting the star. The dip in brightness of the star is directly proportional to the size of the planet and the distance between the star and the orbiting planet.
It is an organelle which helps in appearance of leaf ( color )
