A signal reaches a cell mostly in the form of a signalling molecule binding to a receptor on the cell surface. This binding activates a chain of events that amplifies the signal and transfers it inside the cell. Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins and cause their activation or deactivation, or in general modify their activity. When a signalling molecule binds to a receptor, a cascade is activated and the second messengers, such as cAMP, are synthesized. cAMP molecules activate the protein kinases, which phosphorylate specific proteins and activate them.
There are many different factors, but some are: the amount of natural resources (food, water, etc.), amount of predator/prey, and availability of shelter.
The term "ferrying its newly-gained energy with it" means that the fluid carries the energy it acquired as it rises during convection.
Convection is a mode of heat transfer in which energy is transferred by the bulk movement of particles from one point to another. During convection, a fluid is heated and its particles acquire energy, These energetic particles now move upwards and are replaced by less dense fluid at a lower energy.
The term ferrying its newly-gained energy with it, implies that the heated particles carry the energy they have gained with them as they rise during convection.
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Answer: When a plant or animal dies, or an animal voids waste products, the initial form of nitrogen is organic. Bacteria and fungi in the soil produce enzymes that convert the organic nitrogen back into inorganic ammonium ions (NH4 +). Ammonium is converted to nitrite ions (NO2 -) by soil bacteria like Nitrosomonas
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