It’s definitely either a or d, my guess would be d
There are several ways in which scientists attempt to eliminate mistakes and fake results from their research. For example, the use of the scientific method allows scientists to experiment (in most cases), which allows them to see whether their results can be replicated in real life.
Another method is through peer-reviewing systems for scholarly review. This means that scientists check each other's work to make sure it meets some quality standards. Also, it is a way to stop incomplete or erroneous information from spreading.
The elements that should be considered for writing a research plan are:
- state which your research will be about
- objectives of the research
- theory ( it is called literature review). At this stage you should mention the publications you have read, point out inconsistencies, identify what you might use, make sure to write a synthesis.
- research questions and hypothesis
- approach (briefly discuss the approach you are using)
- imformation sources
