Answer:
There is significant learning
Step-by-step explanation:
This is a test on comparison of a single proportion with a hypothesized proportion.
The subject of interest is whether rats really learn.

(Right tailed test)
n =100
Sample proportion p = 0.62
Std error of p assuming H0 to be true is
= 
p difference = 0.12
Z statistic = p difference/std error = 
p value = 0.0082
Since p <0.01, our alpha we reject null hypothesis
There is significant learning
You first subtract 1/2 and 1, which gets you -0.5.
then you are left with -0.5=8x
you divide 8 on both sides. which will now give you: x = -.0625
and -0.0625 is your answer :)
Answer:
3: -3
8: -8
Step-by-step explanation:
It would make sense when you look at a number line.