Answer:
(a). The strength of the magnetic field is 0.1933 T.
(b). The magnetic flux through the loop is zero.
Explanation:
Given that,
Radius = 11.9 cm
Magnetic flux 
(a). We need to calculate the strength of the magnetic field
Using formula of magnetic flux





Put the value into the formula


(b). If the magnetic field is directed parallel to the plane of the loop,
We need to calculate the magnetic flux through the loop
Using formula of flux

Here, 


Hence, (a). The strength of the magnetic field is 0.1933 T.
(b). The magnetic flux through the loop is zero.
Answer:
Electron groups could be considered as Lone pair electrons and bonded pairs of electrons.
Answer: Option D & B
Explanation:
The two or more electrons can be bonded by single bond, double bond, covalent bond of electrons can simply be lone pair of electrons. Unshared pair of electrons are generally termed as lone pair of electrons in an atom which are generally present in the outermost shell of atoms. Hence electron groups can be determined by bonded pairs and lone pairs of electrons.
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