Mark Twain develops (C) characterization through motivation, words, traits, and reactions to others.
In the Odyssey, the traits that Odysseus has that allow him to triumph in the bow and arrow challenge that Penelope sets for her suitors are his archery skills and intelligence.
Odysseus has always been known as an excellent archer, which is exactly why Penelope had this type of competition in the first place. It was quite easy for him to be better than the remaining competitors due to his skills and his brains.
The answer is both a and c.
"It is an inhuman task to make all of these decisions correctly." The author is furthering the idea that perfect parenting isn't possible, as stated in the first sentence.