General paradigms of species extinction risk are urgently needed as global habitat loss and rapid climate change threaten Earth with what could be its sixth mass extinction. Using the stony coral Lophelia pertusa as a model organism with the potential for wide larval dispersal, we investigated how the global ocean conveyor drove an unprecedented post-glacial range expansion in Earth׳s largest biome, the deep sea. We compiled a unique ocean-scale dataset of published radiocarbon and uranium-series dates of fossil corals, the sedimentary protactinium–thorium record of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength, authigenic neodymium and lead isotopic ratios of circulation pathways, and coral biogeography, and integrated new Bayesian estimates of historic gene flow. Our compilation shows how the export of Southern Ocean and Mediterranean waters after the Younger Dryas 11.6 kyr ago simultaneously triggered two dispersal events in the western and eastern Atlantic respectively. Each pathway injected larvae from refugia into ocean currents powered by a re-invigorated AMOC that led to the fastest postglacial range expansion ever recorded, covering 7500 <span>km in under 400 years. In addition to its role in modulating global climate, our study illuminates how the ocean conveyor creates broad geographic ranges that lower extinction risk in the deep sea.</span>
The jelly-like fluid that fills a cell is calledcytoplasm<span>. It is made up of mostly water and salt. </span>Cytoplasm is present within the cell membrane of all cell types and contains all organelles and cell parts.<span>Cytoplasm has various functions in the cell. </span>
Most of the important activities of the cell occur in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm contains molecules such as enzymes which are responsible for breaking down waste and also aid in metabolic activity.
<span>Cytoplasm is responsible for giving a cell its shape. It helps to fill out the cell and keeps organelles in their place. Without cytoplasm, the cell would be deflated and materials would not be able to pass easily from one organelle to another.</span>
<span>Direct consequences of cumulative post-industrial emissions of carbon dioxide include increasing global temperature. </span>The oceans absorb 22 million tons of carbon dioxide every day. <span>When the oceans absorb </span>CO2, the chemical reaction that takes place produces carbonic acid (H2CO3<span>), which increases the acidity (lowers the pH) of seawater. So, the balance is ruined. </span>
The correct answer is
B. bases in DNA in the nucleus
Answer:
he relationship between environment, variation and selection lay the foundation for natural selection and evolution.
Genetic variations are present among species due to number of reasons like recombination or crossing over during meiosis, mutations, random fertilization etc. These factors bring changes among the members of a species. Some of the species become better adapted to survive in a particular environment whereas some are not better adapted and become extinct over a period of time. The environment selects the organisms that are best adapted to survive and hence lead to variations.
Explanation:
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