Answer:
Answer is A. It is an unevenly distributed mixture of mRNA ,proteins, organelles and other substances.
Explanation:
A cytoplasm can be described as all the materials within a cell or the protoplasm of a cell, excluding the nucleus, which are surrounded or enclosed by the cell membrane.
An unfertilized egg is an egg that is yet to be fertilized by the male spermatozoa.
The strong force has a range of about the width of an atomic nucleus, and is responsible for binding protons and neutrons together. Like electromagnetic force, the nuclear forces are governed by gauge bosons.
Answer:
Date and latitude interact to determine photoperiod, the daily period of daylight. This interaction has important implications for latitudinal migrants for whom daylight may be a resource or for whom photoperiod regulates annual transitions in life‐history stages (i.e. birds).
Using an established formula, we developed user‐interactive, animated models that enable the visualization of how latitude and date determine photoperiod for latitudinal migrants. We also calculated the photoperiodic schedules for a broad range of hypothetical migratory programmes and real migratory programmes newly available through the proliferation of citizen‐science data. This enabled us to infer the limitations some migratory programmes place on mechanisms for photoperiodic regulation of annual breeding.
In the vast majority of cases, the act of migrating elevates annual daylight exposure. This raises the hypothesis that daylight availability selects for latitudinal migration, potentially contributing to its evolution in animals such as diurnal birds with limited time during the spring and summer to feed young. However, photoperiodic mechanisms regulating annual cycles could constrain the evolution of such migrations, depending on how they affect photoperiodic schedules. Most migratory programmes are consistent with known mechanisms of avian photoperiodism, but the range of feasible mechanisms declines for transequatorial migrants, which experience semi‐annual, 180°‐phase‐shifts in their photoperiodic cycles.
Understanding photoperiodic constraints on migration are particularly important in this age of changing latitudinal distributions and phenologies driven by climate change.
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The last one: Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere
Each organism has a job in a community
