The fluid requirement of the patient weighing 43lb is 1475ml.
<h3>
What is fluid requirement?</h3>
Fluids are necessary for a variety of bodily processes, such as removing waste products, controlling body temperature, and delivering nutrients to the cells. A healthy adult requires, on average, one quart of water for every 50 pounds of body weight, according to Clemson State University. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, water comprises around 60% of the human body, 70% of the brain, 90% of the lungs, 75% of lean muscular tissue, 10% of body fat, 22% of bones, and 83 percent of blood.
The patient's total fluid demand, expressed as ml/24 hours, is determined by multiplying the calculated fluid requirement by the patient's bodyweight.
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Answer:
1-) Patent ductus arteriosus: this duct normally must be closed two days after the baby is born, but if not, it will carry oxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery producing a mixture with oxygen-poor blood and producing a cardiac overload due to the large amount of blood that would reach the right heart.
2-) Transposition of the great vessels: In this defect, the oxygenated blood is collected throughout the body and taken directly to the right heart which returns to the poorly connected aorta (right ventricle) back to the body without oxygenation; on the other hand, the oxygenated blood returns to the left heart, then goes to the pulmonary artery (connected to the left ventricle) and back to the lungs.
3-) Tetralogy of fallot: It is a congenital anomaly that can present different defects at the level of the heart, such as:
- intraventricular communication, in which blood would go from the left heart to the right heart.
- Pulmonary obstruction, there is obstruction of the blood outlet by plugging the duct, which causes a decrease in blood flow to the body.
- Dextraposition of the aorta: The aorta is more deviated to the right and in union with the intraventricular (IVC) communication. Increased amount of bleeding to the pulmonary artery. Bad oxygenation of the blood due to the mixture thereof.
Hybridomas, which produce monoclonal antibodies, are made by fusing cells of the immune system with B lymphocytes and myeloma cells.
<h3>
What are Hybridomas?</h3>
- Large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies is made possible through hybridoma technology.
- An antigen that triggers an immune response is first injected into a mammal to begin the process.
- A specific sort of white blood cell called a B cell makes antibodies that bind to the antigen that has been injected.
- These antibody-producing B-cells are then removed from the animal and combined with immortal B cell cancer cells, or myeloma, to create a hybrid cell line known as a hybridoma.
- It possesses both longevity and procreative capacity of the myeloma and the antibody-producing capacity of the B-cell.
Hence, the creation of hybridomas, which result in the production of monoclonal antibodies, involves fusing immune system cells with B lymphocytes and myeloma cells.
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Answer:
The three hallmarks of diabetes mellitus, are: polyuria, polyphagia and polydipsia. Polyuria, is the excessive production of urine and it is seen when people constantly need to pee. Polyphagia, is excessive hunger, in which, people constantly express their need to eat something. And finally, polydipsia, is excessive thirst, present in diabetics, who constantly feel the sensation of thirst and tend to drink a lot of fluids. When these hallmarks are present, even sometimes without a test, it can be ascertained that a person suffers from diabetes mellitus, or simply, diabetes.
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus was the term used to define diabetes in general. Diabetes is defined as a metabolic disorder in which, usually, sugar levels are very high in the blood, due to a problem either with production of insulin, or the insulin present being incapable of performing its function. There are three types of diabetes mellitus: diabetes type 1, with onset in youth, and also called insulin-dependent diabetes, type 2, with onset in the adult, also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes, and type 3, which is gestational diabetes. In all three cases, the three symptoms mentioned above appear, and they are the clearest signs of a possible diabetes.
