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3 years ago

Do living cells ever run out of energy ? Explain.

Biology

1 answer:

Nataliya [291]3 years ago

8 0

Explanation:

Cellular Metabolism

The living cells of every organism constantly use energy to survive and grow. Cells break down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars that the cell can use for energy. Muscle cells may consumer energy to build long muscle proteins from small amino acid molecules.

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Match the staining techniques with their purpose.

Dennis_Churaev [7]

A Negative stain such as India ink or Congo red-Look for the presence of a capsule.

This stain method is usually used to stain the area around the microorganism.

B The Gram stain-Divide bacteria into two groups based on cell wall structure (thick vs. thin).

This is type of differential staining used to distinguish organisms based on their staining properties. Gram + and Gram- bacteria stain different because of different cell wall structure.

C The Ziehl-Neelsen Acid-fast stain- Identify bacteria with waxy cell walls such as: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the cause of TB).

This is also differential staining method which uses heat and phenol to derive dye into the cells with lipid-rich walls.

D Simple stain with a basic dye-Stain microbes a bright color to make it easier to see them in bright field microscopy.

One dye is used in simple staining in order to determinate the size, shape and arrangement of the cells.

E The Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore stain-Identify Bacillus or Clostridium species, such as the causative agents of anthrax, botulism, tetanus and gangrene.

This is a special type of staining only used for the bacteria that can form endospores. Bacteria are first treated with heat and then with malachite green, which is very strong stain that can penetrate endospores.

5 0

3 years ago

A, B, C, D and E are pathogens of different diseases for human beings. The route of entry of pathogens in human body is differen

Goryan [66]

Answer:

Microorganisms which causes diseases is known as pathogen.

Explanation:

PATHOGEN -: Pathogens are agents that live in a host and are responsible for causing infections or diseases in that host, such as a human being. Microorganisms such as bacteria , viruses , fungi or protozoa, or other organisms such as parasites, worms and even contagious proteins such as prions, may be pathogens.

Viruses: Viruses are micro-organisms that are composed of nucleic acid and covered by a protein sheet. A lipid (fatty) outer layer is also present in some viruses. Enveloped viruses are called these. Non-enveloped viruses are considered those that do not have this lipid outer layer. Only inside their host's living cells are viruses able to replicate. EXAMPLE -: Influenza (influenza A and B viruses) and the common cold (rhinovirus) are examples of infections caused by viruses.

Bacteria: These are microorganisms which have a nucleus containing DNA surrounded by a cell wall or membrane. Among bacteria, the composition of the cell wall differs. If they are able to access food and nutrients, they have a more complex structure than viruses and can multiply beyond the host. EXAMPLE -: Foodborne diseases can be caused by bacteria such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, while Staphylococcus aureus can cause skin infections.

Fungi: Fungi are single-celled or multicelled species that can live outside a host. They consume food and nutrients created after digestive enzymes have been secreted into their atmosphere. example-:  The foot of the athlete (Trichophyton mentagrophytes) and yeast infections (Candida albicans) are examples of infections caused by fungi.

Prions: These are infectious agents made up entirely of proteins and capable of transferring to other prion proteins their infectious properties. EXAMPLE -: Extreme infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) can be caused by prions.

Protozoa: Protozoa are single-celled organisms that display habits that are similar to animals, such as the ability to travel through water, and are capable of harvesting other microorganisms. They are able to live outside the human host, but when they enter the human host and spread, causing infections and diseases, they may also be parasitic in nature.  EXAMPLE -: Malaria and giardia include common infections

Yes , pathogen enter into the body directly -: Direct contact infections spread when, through direct physical contact with blood or body fluids, disease-causing microorganisms move from the infected person to the healthy person. Touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with oral secretions, or contact with bodily lesions are examples of direct contact.
INCUBATION PERIOD OF A PATHOGEN -:The period of incubation is the interval between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a drug, or radiation, and when the first signs and symptoms are evident.

5 0

3 years ago

Which of the following does NOT characterize proteins?

8090 [49]

Answer:

The answer is C) They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.

Explanation:

Why NOT C) They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information?

This is the job of the nucleic acids. It is composed of nucleotides which are the basic units of DNA and RNA. They carry genetic information about a certain organism.

<h3 /><h3>True of proteins:</h3>

A) They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.

Denaturation is the destruction of the protein's secondary and/or tertiary structures. The primary structure is not disrupted due to the tough peptide bonds and can only be broken down by acid. For heat denaturation, hydrogen bonds are destroyed, as in cooking of egg whites and medical equipment sterilization.

B) They have both functional and structural roles in the body.

There are many kinds of proteins that have functional and structural roles like hormones (FSH, LH), antibodies (IgA, IgM), enzymes (lipase, amylase), for storage/transport (hemoglobin, ferritin), and locomotion (actin, troponin).

D) Their function depends on their three-dimensional shape.

Just like hemoglobin, it's quaternary structure can carry 4 molecules of iron in one go. Enzymes are shaped accordingly to fit a specific substrate (lock-and-key model)

6 0

3 years ago

Look at the image below. Which of the following is taking place? *

ankoles [38]

Answer:

i will try my best here goes

Explanation:

i believe it is O Cytokinesis in an animal cell because there is the formation of a cleavage furrow.

7 0

2 years ago

2. How do your respiratory and circulatory systems attempt to maintain homeostasis during exercise?

Nutka1998 [239]

I think it is D. You experience increase in breathing rate to obtain more oxygen which is delivered to cells through the bloodstream

6 0

3 years ago

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