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3 years ago

What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy?

Chemistry

1 answer:

vlada-n [284]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

As molecules move more quickly, temperature increases.

Explanation:

Kinetic energy can be defined as an energy possessed by an object or body due to its motion.

Any material or object that allow the conduction (transfer) of electric charge or thermal energy is generally referred to as a conductor. Some examples of a conductor are metals, copper, aluminum, graphite, etc.

In the process of heat conduction, thermal energy is usually transferred from fast moving particles to slow moving particles during the collision of these particles. Also, thermal energy is typically transferred between objects that has different degrees of temperature and materials (particles) that are directly in contact with each other but differ in their ability to accept or give up electrons.

Hence, the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy is that as molecules move more quickly, temperature increases due to the absorption of heat.

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Fuel

VikaD [51]

Answer:

Part 1

Where we have that the phase temperature at which fuel 1 changes to liquid due to its low temperature after the energy transfer is reached, fuel 1 changes to liquid

Where we have that the temperature of fuel 2 is still above its gas to liquid phase transition temperature, the fuel in fuel 2 will remain gaseous

Part 2

The kinetic energy of the individual molecules in fuel 1 is less than the intermolecular forces holding the molecules of fuel 1 in the liquid state such that fuel 1 molecules undergoes phase transformation from gas to liquid

The kinetic energy of the molecules in fuel 2 is higher than the fuel 2 liquid state intermolecular forces fuel 2 does not undergo phase transformation and remain a gas

Explanation:

Part 1

Why fuel 1 change phase but fuel 2 stayed the same can be explained by the combination of the following physical phenomena

1) Specific heat capacity of the fuels

2) Phase transition temperature of the fuels

The energy transferred out, ΔQ, can be expressed as follows;

ΔQ = m·c·ΔT

Where;

m = The mass of the fuel

c = The specific heat capacity of the fuel

ΔT = The temperature change of the fuel

Therefore, the energy transferred out, for a given mass of fuel, is directly proportional to the specific heat capacity, and the temperature change

For a given amount of transferred energy, when the specific heat capacity is high, the temperature change will be low and vice versa

Taking the specific heat capacity of fuel 1, c₁ as lower than the specific heat capacity of fuel 2, c₂₂, we have;

For a given energy transferred out, when c₁ < c₂ then we have, ΔT₁ > ΔT₂

The temperature change of fuel 1 is more than the temperature change of fuel 2 and if both fuels where initially at the same temperature and have the same mass, the final temperature of fuel $T_{1f}$ will be lower than the final temperature of fuel 2, $T_{2f}$

2) The phase transition temperature is the temperature at which a material changes phase from solid to liquid, or liquid to gas and vice versa, and it is dependent on the intermolecular holding the molecules of the substances together

Whereby the phase temperature at which fuel 1 changes to liquid due to its low temperature after the energy transfer is reached, while the temperature in fuel 2 is still above its gas to liquid phase transition temperature, the gaseous fuel in fuel 1 will be changed to liquid, while the fuel in fuel 2 will remain gaseous

Part 2

After the energy is transferred out, the kinetic energy of the individual molecules in fuel 1 becomes lower than the intermolecular forces holding the molecules of fuel 1 in the liquid state and the fuel 1 molecules transforms from gas to liquid

However, after the given amount of energy is transferred out, the kinetic energy of the molecules in fuel 2 are still higher than the intermolecular forces that exists between the molecules of fuel 2 when in the liquid state, and therefore, fuel 2 remains gaseous

3 0

3 years ago

A catastrophic disturbance that resulted in mass extinction marks the boundary of which two eras?

kozerog [31]

The answer might be A

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

A certain flexible weather balloon contains 7.4 L of helium gas. Initially, the balloon is in WP at 8500ft, where the temperatur

Free_Kalibri [48]

<h2>The new volume of the balloon at the top of Pikes Peak is 10.2 L</h2>

Explanation:

Combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law.

The combined gas equation is,

$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}$

where,

$P_1$ = initial pressure of gas = 577.0 torr

$P_2$ = final pressure of gas = 400 torr

$V_1$ = initial volume of gas = 7.4 L

$V_2$ = final volume of gas = ?

$T_1$ = initial temperature of gas = $20.6^oC=273+20.6=293.6K$

$T_2$ = final temperature of gas = $7.5^oC=273+7.5=280.5K$

Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:

$\frac{577.0\times 7.4}{293.6K}=\frac{400.0\times V_2}{280.5K}$

$V_2=10.2L$

Thus the new volume of the balloon at the top of Pikes Peak is 10.2 L

Learn more about combined gas law

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3 0

3 years ago

Some fuel cells are powered by hydrogen. Scientists are looking into the decomposition of water (H2O) to make hydrogen fuel with

skad [1K]

Here we have to choose the challenge which is faced by the scientist to make a hydrogen fuel cell by using water.

The challenge that the scientists are facing a. decomposition of water requires a high energy.

For the generation of fuel cells by hydrogen the use of water (H₂O) is a challenging task as the H-O bond in water is so strong and need high activation energy.

As per the mechanism of hydrogen fuel cell generation of H₂ is compulsory. Water remains in its solution as H₂O⇔H⁺ + OH⁻. The breaking of hydroxide ion (OH⁻) to form free hydrogen need a high energy, which cannot meet easily by any energy source.

The sun is always a renewable energy source as the energy of sun is infinitive.

The decomposition of water will only produce oxygen (O₂) and hydrogen (H₂) among which H₂ will be used in the fuel cell and O₂ is not at all harmful.

The excess O₂ is always good for the environment as it is the breathing source in the living system.

5 0

4 years ago

Select the atomic models that belong to the same element.<br> YOU MUST PICK TWO!

Sergio [31]

Answer:

Model 2 and model 3

Explanation:

Both atomic models represent hydrogen, which consists of one proton in the nucleus. Both atomic models consists of 1 proton, which means that both their atomic numbers are equal to 1

5 0

2 years ago