What is Sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cell is an autosomal recessive trait of humans that arises through mutation in normal gene. The gene for this trait is found in recessive form and you need two copies of the gene - one from father and one from mother- to have the trait expressed. If the trait is expressed it causes a disease called sickle cell anemia.
People with the sickle cell anemia disease have red blood cells of crescent or sickle shape. The red blood cells of this shape can cause many complications in body. They get stuck in blood vessels and cause pain. They also die quickly and make a person anemic (pale).
Probability to have a child with sickle cell anemia:
If a mother is normal but a father is carrier for the trait, then the situation will be as:
Here N indicate normal allele, S indicate allele for sickle cell anemia.
Mother ˣ Father
NN NS
Gametes: N N N S
Offspring: NN NS NN NS
50% : Normal
50% : Carrier
0% : Sickle cell anemia
It means that 50 % kids will be normal and 50% will be carrier for the trait and none of the offspring will have disease Sickle cell anemia.
However, those who are carriers can carry the disease to the next offspring if they are married to a carrier or a person with sickle cell anemia.
Photosynthesis is an example of an endergonic reaction. It is a type of reaction in which the energy is absorbed.
Photosynthesis refers to a set of reactions that uses solar energy, water and carbon dioxide in association with the pigment chlorophyll to produce organic compounds. Solar energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The chemical energy in these energy rich molecules is then used for the next step of photosynthesis for the fixation of the carbon.
Thus, photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction in which the solar energy is used to fix the carbon dioxide, transferring the energy into the carbohydrates formed and releasing oxygen.
The microbes simply eat up contaminants such as oil and organic matter (e.g., waste food), convert them and then let off carbon dioxide and water. The process uses naturally occurring bacteria, fungi or plants to degrade substances that are hazardous to human health or the environment.
They no probably no longer eat the same things, or one of the populations has adapted to its environment and the other flies continue to be normal.
