The correct answer is Malaria
Malaria was a huge problem since it couldn't be treated and people mostly died from it. It prevented numerous explorers from venturing into places like Africa where Malaria was running rampant due to the huge amount of mosquitoes. When it was discovered, it enabled numerous people to live at ease because they could not live with the disease or prevent getting it.
The roman Diaspora is the correct answer.
The answer is B. Partisanship.
Partisanship is basically political bias; a party is in favor of a specific cause/event. Therefore, when elected officials support the policies and programs of their own party, they're engaging in partisanship.