The spread began in the 7th to 9th century, originally brought to North Africa under the Umayyad Dynasty. Trade networks were extensive, spanning through north and west Africa which created a medium in which islam peacefully spread through the merchant class.
The high buildings in NYC are highly vulnerable to hurricanes. High winds can arrive before the hurricane actually hits, and the higher you go, the earlier you feel those winds. Since the city is so big, it is also harder for so many people to evacuate from the hurricanes. NYC had 578 miles of coastline which is a lot of water around for the hurricanes to travel through.
In Earth's climate system, positive feedback's tend to amplify changes in the system, and negative feedback's tend to encourage the system against change. Having a positive feedback gives the newest updates and brings the problems on the table, thus changes are always a must when there's proof that suggest there's big problem, but when the feedback is negative, lacking, then there's not pressure for changes, so anyone who has interest in not changing will push for that, thus encouragement of taking no changes. <span />
Compasses, rock hammer, field books, hand lenses, maps,
