Athens believed that every free-man should have a say in the government, so they made an assembly as the first step to create a democracy. I hope this helps to start you out.
What Marie should primarily consider if she decides to purchase a car of not using rational decision making is the marginal benefits and costs of her decision. So if she is thinking of buying of car, she should consider how much she would spend and what would be the benefits she can get in having a car.
Stalin wanted the US and Great Britain to open a second front in France because it would divide the German military. During the time of this statement, Germany's only real military threat came from the Soviet Union. With this in mind, Hitler had the ability to put a huge number of troops on the Soviet Union/German border.
However, if the US and Great Britain planned an invasion through France, that means Hitler would have to move hundreds of thousands, maybe even millions, of troops to France. France, in relation to the Soviet Union, was over 1,000 miles away.
Forcing Germany to fight this two front war would decrease their chance of success.
