1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Thepotemich [5.8K]
2 years ago
12

A study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer. 3,000 cases and 3,000 contr

ols were enrolled in the study. Among the cases, 1293 had used artificial sweeteners in the past, while 1707 had never used artificial sweeteners. Of the controls, 855 had used sweeteners and 2145 had not.
a. What is the exposure and what is the disease?

Calculate the correct measure and show your work.
How do we interpret this effect estimate?
Biology
1 answer:
Inessa [10]2 years ago
7 0

Answer:

A. exposure - use of artificial sweeteners

disease - bladder cancer

In this research artificial sweeteners are used as the exposure that leads to bladder cancer disease.

B.                                 Bladder cancer          No bladder cancer

Artificial sweeteners      1293(a)                       855(b)

No artificial sweeteners  1707(c)                      2145(d)

Total                                3000                        3000

Cases -

- Risk factor (Artificial sweeteners) present (1293)

-   Risk factor (Artificial sweeteners) absent (1707)

Controls

- Risk factor (Artificial sweeteners) present (855)

- Risk factor (Artificial sweeteners) absent (2145)

Odds ratio or strength of association between exposure and disease

OR= Cases with exposure/cases without exposure= a/c divided by b/d

So, the putting value ad/bc= 1293*2145/855*1707

= 1.9

OR would be 1.9

C. this interprets that there is a 90% increase in the chance of bladder cancer if exposed to artificial sweeteners or people with bladder cancer have a 1.90 times higher odds of using artificial sweeteners compared to controls

You might be interested in
Mutations in proto-oncogenes are generally _____ whereas mutations in tumor-suppressor alleles are generally _____.
Monica [59]

Answer:

mutations in proto-oncogene are generally cancerous while mutation in tumor-suppressor alleles are recessive and result lost of function

3 0
2 years ago
Earth’s crust is ______ under the oceans than it is on land.
Alchen [17]
I would say that it is B. thinner. 
5 0
3 years ago
If you had a giant, 1000 cm Twizzler, how much of it would remain after: a) One half-life ____________________ b) Two half-lifes
navik [9.2K]

Explanation:

The half life is the time taken for a half of a radioactive material or substance to decay to half.

After the passing of the half-life, only half of the original material will remain. Now, let us follow the half-life sequence of this decay;

    One half-life

  Original: 1000cm

    one half life = 500cm

Two half-lifes

    Original: 500:

   half-life = 250cm

Three half-lifes

   Original : 250cm

   Half life = 125cm

Four half-lifes

    Original: 125cm

    Half life = 62.5cm

Five half-lifes

    Original: 62.5cm

     Half-life = 31.25cm

Six half-lifes

   Original: 31.25cm

   Half-life = 15.625‬

learn more:

Half life brainly.com/question/1695370

#learnwithBrainly

8 0
3 years ago
All of the following are ways in which electromagnetic waves are measured except
stepan [7]
EM waves can be expressed in:
Frequency, Wavelength, Intensity, Energy. etc..

Hope this helps!
5 0
3 years ago
10 cuidados para no contaminar los ecociatemas
k0ka [10]
Soy inglés. Solo hablo un poco de español, disculpe si la traducción es mala

1) Utilice botellas de agua reutilizables
2) No pongas químicos peligrosos por el desagüe
3) Reciclar aceite de motor
4) Reciclar plasticos
5) Reducir las emisiones de automóviles
6) Iniciar una pila de compost
7) Educar a las personas
8) Camina, no conduzcas
9) Deja de fumar
10) Reducir la deforestación
6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Which type of bond holds a water molecule together
    12·1 answer
  • A prokaryote is most likely to use which of the following modes of metabolism to release energy if it is in an environment witho
    11·2 answers
  • Give an example of human cells that use active transport.
    7·1 answer
  • How are osmosis and diffusion alike
    11·1 answer
  • Artificial selection has been used by humans to
    5·1 answer
  • How does natural selection help prove eolution
    11·1 answer
  • If a red blood cell has a diameter of 8 mm and a student shows it with a diameter of 40 mm in a drawing, what is the magnificati
    7·1 answer
  • Why is it important to have a standard set of units amongst all scientists?
    12·1 answer
  • PLEASE HURRY
    7·2 answers
  • A gardener uses a chemical to kill the bacteria in the soil of his flowerbed. how will this plan affect the growth of his flower
    12·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!