Answer:
i believe it is a civic responsibility because petitioning is optional
Explanation:
im not entirely sure but i hope this helps :) have a nice day !! 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Condensation if I'm not mistaking. 
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Herbivore
Omnivore 
Carnivore
Herbivore 
Can I plz get brainliest
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The Italian city-states were a political phenomenon of small independent states mostly in the central and northern Italian Peninsula between the 9th and the 15th centuries.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, urban settlements in Italy generally enjoyed a greater continuity than in the rest of western Europe. Many of these towns were survivors of earlier Etruscan, Umbrian and Roman towns which had existed within the Roman Empire. The republican institutions of Rome had also survived. Some feudal lords existed with a servile labour force and huge tracts of land, but by the 11th century, many cities, including Venice, Milan, Florence, Genoa, Pisa, Lucca, Cremona, Siena, Città di Castello, Perugia, and many others, had become large trading metropoles, able to obtain independence from