Answer:
All cells hace a barrier around them that separates them from the environment and from other cell.The barrier is called the plasma membrane,or cell membrane.
Answer:
10 chromosomes/sister chromatids
Explanation:
Prophase is the first stage of cell division (mitosis). Prior to the cell entering the actual division stage, it undergoes a phase where it prepares its content and most importantly undergo the duplication of its genetic material (DNA). This DNA are found as chromosomes. It undergoes replication of its DNA in the S-phase of interphase stage.
Since Arabidopsis thaliana has 10 chromosomes, and each chromosome holds one DNA molecule, 10 molecules of DNA will be present in the mustard plant's genome. These 10 molecules of DNA will be replicated on another copy of chromosome which is identical to the template. This chromosomes are called SISTER chromatids i.e. replicated chromosome. Each sister chromatids are held together at the centromere and are considered one individual chromosome until they separate during anaphase stage.
Hence, at the Prophase stage, before separation, each sister chromatid (replicated chromosome) is considered as one chromosome. Thus, in the mustard plant with 10 chromosomes, it will possess 10 sister chromatids or chromosomes at the Prophase stage.
N.B: When sister chromatids separate during anaphase stage, they will be regarded as individual chromosomes.
Events of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis starts with the absorption of sunlight and ends with ATP production.
<h3>Events of light-dependent reaction</h3>
- In the first step energy is absorbed from the sun and then water is broken down.
- Hydrogen ions of the water molecules are transported across the thylakoid membrane.
- NADPH is produced from NADP+.
- Hydrogen ions diffuse through the protein channel.
- ADP turns into ATP.
Learn more about light-dependent reaction here: brainly.com/question/2114531
Answer:
Neurulation of organogenesis is the last stage of human development. The gastrula stage forms three germ layers called ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Answer:
they ensure valid results
