Answer:
C) by converting hydrogen to helium.
Explanation:
The Sun keeps shining because of nuclear fusion processes, which consists in creating helium atoms by combining hydrogen atoms, of an atomic mass less that of helium, in conditions of high core pressure and temperature. In other words, the Sun keeps shining by producing helium at the expense of its hydrogen reserves.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
Answer:
All of them can be necessary.
Explanation:
In typical DNA cloning, the gene of interest is inserted into a plasmid, this is achieved by using enzymes that "cut and paste" DNA producing a recombinant DNA, considering this we will first need a DNA fragment to be cloned. To "cut and paste" these fragments of DNA we will need restriction enzymes (to cut) and DNA ligase (to paste), this enzyme will recognize the specific target sequence and I'll cut it, another restriction enzyme will also cut the plasmid, then DNA ligase will link the plasmid and target gene together. Now we need to introduce the plasmid into bacteria, to extract it we use glucose as a buffer to maintain the pH-controlled for the plasmid to be stable, so that linear dsDNA (sheared chromosomal DNA) is denatured but closed-circular DNA (plasmid) is not. Once we have our plasmid isolated we can put it into our bacteria (this is called transformation), this is achieved by giving the bacteria a shock that encourages them to take foreign DNA, calcium chloride can improve the results by binding plasmids to lipopolysaccharides in the bacteria. After this shock, some bacteria will accept the plasmid but a portion won't, this is why plasmids typically contain antibiotic resistance genes to allow the bacteria that contain the plasmids to survive after the application of such antibiotic, this means ampicillin is also necessary to isolate our bacteria with recombinant DNA. Finally, you can use these bacteria as "factories" to produce proteins and then obtain them by splitting the bacteria, to achieve this splitting we can use proteases, for example, chymotrypsin. NOw you'll need to purify the proteins you extract one method to do it is using the starch binding domain (SBD) that can be found in some amylolytic enzymes, we can add a recombinant proteins for transferring the starch binding capacity to the target proteins, we will observe both proteins fused to the SBDtag, only the target protein will remain over the starch granules after the wash process.
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! good luck!
A river flows from approximately 45° north latitude toward the equator, as shown in the diagram below. As the water molecules in the river approach the equator the next to be happen is t<span>he molecules heat up and eventually form water vapor.
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Answer:
B
Explanation:
The oxidation state is present in metals that have multiple oxidation states. Most transition metals have multiple oxidation states. Such as, Iron(II) and Iron (III).
Answer:
Explanation:
Comparison chart
Compound versus Element comparison chart
Compound Element
Definition A compound contains atoms of different elements chemically combined together in a fixed ratio. An element is a pure chemical substance made of same type of atom.
Representation A compound is represented using its chemical formula that represents the symbols of its constituent elements and the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of the compound. An element is represented using symbols.
Composition Compounds contain different elements in a fixed ratio arranged in a defined manner through chemical bonds. They contain only one type of molecule. Elements that compose the compound are chemically combined. Elements contain only one type of atom. Each atom has the same atomic number i.e., the same number of protons in their nucleus.
Examples Water (H2O), Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) etc. Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Carbon (C), Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au) etc.
Ability to break down A compound can be separated into simpler substances by chemical methods/reactions. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
Types A huge, virtually limitless, number of chemical compounds can be created. Compounds are classified into molecular compounds, ionic compounds, intermetallic compounds and complexes. There are about 117 elements that have been observed. Can be classified as metal, non-metal or metalloid.