Answer:
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages due to their particular structure while viewed under a microscope, were first identified by scientist Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer, after whom the cells were named, in 1876.
These cells, whose origin is in the yolk sack during fetal development, later on move to the liver where they will stay and further differentiate into their mature versions.
These cells are part of the liver cells, and are found particularly on the walls of the sinusoids, where they perform their two most important tasks. First, these cells are part of the immune system, as they are essentially macrophages. However, their role is pretty unique, as they are responsible not just for phagocytosis of invading bacteria, and other pathogens, and initiating immune responses, but also, this cell plays a role in decomposing red blood cells who are dying, and taking up the hemoglobin from them to further break that into reusable globin, and the heme group, from which iron is further extracted to be re-used and also to create bilirrubin, a part of bile.
Finally, these cells have been found to be connected to hepatic cirrhosis, as in their process of detoxifying ethanol, they produce toxins that force the liver cells to produce collagen, and thus to become fibrous.
Answer:
Edema occurs when an excessive volume of fluid accumulates in the tissues, either within cells (cellular edema) or within the collagen-mucopolysaccharide matrix distributed in the interstitial spaces (interstitial edema)
Explanation:
The definition of edema is a swelling due to the expansion of interstitial fluid volume in tissues or an organ. Several clinical conditions present with edema, making it a critical clinical feature for diagnostic medicine. Edema can present in numerous forms including unilateral, bilateral, localized, or generalized edema. Therefore, it is vital to assess the unique presentation and mechanism of edema to understand how it relates to disease pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment. This review will present an overview of the general and cellular characteristics of edema, the mechanism, and pathophysiology of edema, and how edema relates to a specific disease presentation and development.
Answer:
The prefix for where Karen got a scar is naso-
Explanation:
Naso- means pertaining to the nose. Derived from nose and nasal.
Origin is from Latin - nãsus.
Refers to the organ of smell or entrance to the respiratory system.
Examples of words in which this is used is nasopharyngeal, nasopharynx, nasobuccal, nasociliary, nasofrontal, nasogastric, nasolachrimal, nasofacial, nasoocular, nasopalatal, nasorostral.
A client diagnosed with heart failure has been prescribed a 2 gm sodium diet. Fresh foods include things like chicken, fish, dry and fresh beans, eggs, milk, and yogurt, simple rice and pasta would indicate to the nurse that the client understands this diet.
When the heart muscle is unable to pump blood as effectively as it should, the result is congestive heart failure, also referred to as heart failure. This frequently causes blood to pool and fluid to build up in the lungs, which can lead to shortness of breath. Sodium diet, some cardiac conditions, such as coronary artery disease (coronary artery disease) or high blood pressure, cause the heart to eventually become too weak or stiff to fill and pump blood adequately. With the right care, heart failure symptoms and signs can be reduced, and some people may even live longer. Your quality of life can be improved by making lifestyle changes including losing weight, getting more exercise, cutting back on salt (sodium) in your diet, and managing stress. Heart failure, however, poses a risk to life. People with heart failure may experience severe symptoms, and some may require a ventricular assist device or a heart transplant (VAD).
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