Answer:
The correct answer is - decreased population size at all levels.
Explanation:
A decrease in the productivity of producers of an ecosystem will lead to a decrease in all other organisms of the ecosystem including top-level consumers to the bottom-level producers due to the fact that producers provide energy and food to primary consumers.
It is because they are the only organisms that convert the sunlight to usable energy and food that transfer from one trophic level to other, so if the population of producers or their productivity will decrease then there will be decreased population size at all levels.
Explanation:
In a covalent bond, there is sharing of the donated electron by two atomic species having very small electronegative differences between them.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a specie and it usually lead to an increase in oxidation number.
Reduction is the gain of electrons by a specie. It leads to a lower oxidation number.
Since there is no actual loss of gain of electrons in a covalent body, the electronegativiy is at work.
Electronegativity is the ability of a specie to draw the shared electrons more to itself in a covalent bond.
- Between two atoms bonded covalently, the more electronegative specie draws the electrons closer.
- This leaves a partial negative charge on it.
- The other electron then becomes partially positively charged.
- We can then say, the more electronegative specie undergoes reduction.
- The less electronegative one undergoes oxidation.
learn more:
Covalent bond brainly.com/question/3064597
Oxidation and reduction brainly.com/question/2278247
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Recombination or crossing over occurs during prophase i. homologue chromosomes- 1 inherited from each parent pair along their lengths gene by gene. Independent Assortment is the process where the chromosomes move randomly to seperate poles during meiosis
Answer:
An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermentation. It involves glycolysis, but not the other two stages of aerobic respiration. Many bacteria and yeasts carry out fermentation. ... This occurs when muscle cells cannot get oxygen fast enough to meet their energy needs through aerobic respiration.
Answer:
B. Dehydration synthesis
Explanation:
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are currencies of energy found in plant and animal cells. They are also nucleotides found in the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Cellular oxidation in a cycle of enzyme-catalyzed metabolic reactions, known as Carboxylic/Krebs cycle. ATP synthase is a huge molecular complex and has a function of catalysing the addition of a third phosphorous group to form ATP through rehydration synthesis. The reverse of this reaction; production of ADP from ATP is called hydrolysis.
