Whether it is a case of external or internal economies of scale:
A. A number of firms doing contract research for the drug industry are concentrated
Larger changes within the industry lead to external economies of scale, so as the industry expands, the average cost of doing business decreases.
when external economies of scale exist?
External economies of scale take place when an industry as a whole expands and businesses profit from lower long-term average costs. External economies of scale are also known as advantageous external outcomes of industrial development.
An external economy of scale is shared by competitors, internal economies of scale provide larger competitive advantages.
To learn more about external economies refer to:
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Answer:
12,600
Explanation:
Concept of Equivalent units of production measures the number of units in terms of percentage completion in input elements of the process.
<u>The equivalent units of production for materials</u>
Note : all materials are issued at the beginning of the process, therefore materials are 100% complete in both Widgets transferred out and Ending widgets.
Calculation :
transferred out (8,600 × 100%) = 8,600
ending inventory (4,000 × 100%) = 4,000
total = 12,600
Therefore, the equivalent units of production for materials in the Machining Department is 12,600.
Answer:
<em>A proprietorship has three important advantages: </em>
(1) It is easily and inexpensively formed,
(2) it is subject to few government regulations, and
(3) it is subject to lower income taxes than are corporations.
<em>However, a proprietorship also has three important limitations: </em>
(1) A proprietor has personal liability for the business' debts.
(2) The life of the business is limited to the life of the individual who created it.
(3) A proprietorship has difficulty obtaining large sums of capital so proprietorships are used primarily for small businesses.
As all company structures, proprietorships have both advantages and disadvantages. Although the advantages mainly relate to feasibility, the disadvantages are often overlooked. The main disadvantage is the total liability of the owner, which is detrimental if the business faces tough times, which lead to liquidation.
Answer:
Alternatives Airport at X Airport at Y
Buy land at X 6 -14
Buy land at Y -21 12
Buy land at X and Y -15 -2
Do nothing 0 0
probability 0.55 0.45
Payoff if you buy land at X = (0.55 x 6) + (0.45 x -) = -3
Payoff if you buy land at Y = (0.55 x -21) + (0.45 x 12) = -6.15
Payoff if you buy land at X and Y = (0.55 x -15) + (0.45 x -2) = -9.15
Payoff for doing nothing = 0
The best option is simply doing nothing. The risks are too high, the potential losses are very large and the benefits are really low.
Answer:
Understanding a country's culture is a sign of respect. It also helps to foster effective communication, a vital factor in business success. ... Values and attributes such as frugality, trust and endurance may be viewed differently in other countries.
