These electrons can<span> either </span>be<span> lost to another atom, or the valence shell may have room ... want to gain or lose an electron, it </span>will<span> never </span>happen<span> with an isolated atom. ... that make it very easy to determine the </span>charge<span> directly from the </span>periodic table. ... He0. Li+<span>. </span>Be+2. B+3. C-4. N-3. O-2<span>. </span>F-. Ne0. Na+. Mg+2. Al+3. Si-4. P-3. S-2<span>.</span>
Answer:
There are 11 protons in a sodium atom but only 3 in a lithium atom, so the nuclear charge is much greater. ... The only factor left is the extra distance between the outer electron and the nucleus in sodium's case. That lowers the ionization energy.
<span>The
bent geometry of the water molecule gives a slight overall negative
charge to the oxygen side of the molecule and a slight overall positive
charge to the hydrogen side of the molecule. This slight separation of
charges gives the entire molecule an electrical polarity, so water
molecules are dipolar.</span>
