Water<span> issuing from a </span>hot spring<span> is heated geothermally, that is, with heat produced from the Earth's mantle. ... The rate of temperature increase with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. If </span>water<span> percolates deeply enough into the crust, it will be heated as it comes into contact with </span>hot<span> rocks.</span>
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It converts food into energy the cell can use to help keep all the cells in the body functioning.
The correct answer is option D
The energy in the form of heat is absorbed by the water to convert itself into vapour during the process of evaporation. This energy is then released in the atmosphere when the water vapor gets converted into clouds during the process of condensation. From the start of the water cycle , the heat energy of the sun gets converted into the kinetic energy to raise the water vapour to certain height. After reaching heights Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy and then it is finally released to atmosphere after condensation. In the entire process the total energy remains constant it is just being converted from one form to another.
Answer:
Semi-conservative replication
Explanation:
After the double-helix discovery of Watson and Crick, there were three possible models about the DNI replication:
- The Conservative model stated that the two strands of DNI together were the template of another new molecule. The final product was the original double-stranded molecule and the new molecule.
- The semi-conservative model stated that the original DNI molecule separated into two strands, and each of them served as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. The replication product would be two double-stranded DNA molecules, each carrying an original strand a new one.
- The Dispersive moles stated that the replication product would be two molecules made by a mixture of segments of the original and the new molecules.
Meselson and Stahl joined to discover which of the models was the correct one. To do it they used E. coli and Nitrogen isotopes.
- First, they extracted DNI from bacteria grown in a medium with N¹⁴ and got its density band by centrifugation.
- Then they grew bacteria in a medium with N¹⁵, extracted their DNI molecules, centrifugated them, and got the density band, which was heavier than the firsts ones.
- The researchers then transferred bacteria grown in medium with N¹⁵ to a medium with N¹⁴, and they allowed only one replication process to occur. DNI was extracted and centrifugated again, and a new band appeared. This band was an intermediate form between bands of DNI-N¹⁵ and DNI-N¹⁴.
This event <em>eliminated the conservative model</em>. If this model were correct, the expected result would be to get two bands: one corresponding to the density DNI-N¹⁵ and the other corresponding to the density DNI-N¹⁴.
- Bacteria grown in a medium with N¹⁵ and then transferred to a medium with N¹⁴ were finally allowed to replicate twice. Their DNI was extracted and centrifugated. The result was two bands: one of them coincided with the intermediate band, and the other one with the DNI-N¹⁴.
<u>This result was conclusive</u> because if the dispersal model were correct, these two bands should not appear, as all the DNI strands would have part of the original molecule.
With this experiment, Meselson and Stahl proved that the correct replication model was the semi-conservative one.
