The answer is 1 : crusades.
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2 : to recant or disavow something. Other Words from retract Synonyms & Antonyms Choose the Right Synonym More Example Sentences Learn More About retract.
Explanation:
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Coal and Steam. Steam had an obvious impact on the coal industry in generating vast demand: steam engines needed coal. But there were direct effects on production, as Newcomen and Savery pioneered the use of steam engines in coal mines to pump water, lift produce and provide other support.
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Answer:
The reign of the Hongwu Emperor is notable for his unprecedented political reforms. The emperor abolished the position of chancellor, drastically reduced the role of court eunuchs, and adopted draconian measures to address corruption.