Answer:
The African continent was a colony of European powers until the last half of the 20th century. Its independence was thanks to the Second world war, which happened in Europe between 1939 and 1945. After the conflict, Europe was very weak within the political/economic spheres. The weakening of countries has re-emerged movements for the struggle for independence altogether African colonies. During the 1960s, protests multiplied and lots of European countries peacefully granted independence to the colonies. However, the independence of territories became more effective after prolonged clashes between the natives and the colonizers.
England earn the entire control of India in 1877. Thus, complete colonization began with the importation of British institutions into Indian territory, colleges/universities, postal/telegraph services, railways, and aristocratic clubs. Hindus gain the possibility of taking a degree in English universities, however, the same Hindus who graduated from English universities soon realized that they're serving the dominator and betraying the people to which they belong and loved. These university students founded the Indian National Congress in 1885, with the support of British liberals and those who question the english occupation. Leaders like Gandhi appear traveled the country preaching a non-violent revolution against the british. Therefore the idea that without war it had been possible to get independence, Gandhi gained unity in India.
The Algerian War happened as a results of the struggle for the country's liberation (beginning in 1954, ending in 1962). The results of this war was a decrease of 1 million Algerians, and in addition provoking 500,000 refugees and therefore the exodus of 900 thousand French settlers. In 1957, the NFL (National Liberation Front) and the French army faced one another at the battle of Algiers, requiring 500 men to be ready to overthrow the insurgents. Therefore the colonizers ended up starting to impose strong political repression on the population. This war ended up causing the fall of the XV Republic in France, causing Charles de Gaulle to take power. In 1961, he was authorized to conduct a peace negotiation with the Algerian Republican interim government. At that point , the government was composed of the FLN, but Gaulle suffered from a coup by the French army, and therefore the Organization of the secret Army ended up imposing a far-right policy that ended up affecting France and Algeria. In 1962, the Evian agreement brought the Algerian War to an end, and therefore the Democratic and People's Republic of Algeria was proclaimed shortly thereafter.
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