November 5, 1968
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Answer:
Confounding variable
Explanation:
Confounding variable refers to the type of variable that can disrupt the validity of the experiment by giving a certain effect to the variable.
The experiment above was designed to measure mood elevation among the subjects, but the living situation among the subjects are really different among one another and cannot be controlled by the researchers.
<span>Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) vastly expanded the powers of Congress through a single clause in the Constitution: the Commerce Clause of Article I, Section 8. The Court ruled that under that clause Congress had powers to regulate any aspect of commerce that crossed state lines, including modes of transportation, and that such regulation preempted conflicting regulation by the states. Since Gibbons, the Commerce Clause has provided the basis for sweeping congressional power over a multitude of national issues.</span>
