Answer:
The Caenorhabditis elegans dauer state is a hibernation-like state of diapause that displays a dramatic reduction in spontaneous locomotion.
Explanation:
Mutations affecting the neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates voluntary movement in many organisms, can stimulate movement in dauers. The movement of quiescent animals is stimulated by conditions that reduce dopamine signaling and also by conditions predicted to increase dopamine signaling.The stimulation of movement by increased dopamine is much more pronounced in quiescent daf-2(−) dauer and dauer-like adult animals.
In C. elegans hermaphrodites, dopamine is produced by eight neurons and signals via at least four dopamine receptors, DOP-1 through DOP-4. In addition, a presynaptic reuptake transporter, DAT-1, removes dopamine from the extracellular space to terminate signaling. In C. elegans, dopamine is best known for mediating the “basal slowing response” in which the animal's movement slows when it encounters food.. Dopamine is thought to be released in response to food and to act on motor neurons to modulate the animal's movement . Animals that cannot produce dopamine fail to slow in response to food and exogenous dopamine slows the movement of animals cultured without food.The response to dopamine in this situation is complex, as the absence of specific dopamine receptors can have either positive or negative effects on movement.
<span>The organic molecules that must be included in the soil for earthworm nutrition are Neutral pH. A neutral pH substance that is neither basic nor acidic is considered neutral. The pH scale is the one that measures how a substance is basic or acidic. It ranges from 0-14. A 7 pH is neutral.</span>
The answer is <span>Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes and anaphase II separates sister chromatids into daughter cells.</span>
Meiosis is a cell division which results in the reduction of chromosome number by half - from diploid to haploid - in daughter cells. It consists of meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I produces two haploid cells. Meiosis II is analogous to mitosis, so in total, meiosis results in four haploid cells. So, in meiosis, there are two anaphases - the anaphase I in meiosis I and the anaphase II in meiosis II.
<span>In anaphase I, the sister chromatids separate from each other to the opposite sides of the cells. In meiosis I there are 46 chromosomes in duplicate, which are present as pairs of sister chromatids. In anaphase of meiosis II, since the cell is haploid, there are 23 chromosomes in duplicate, which are present as sister chromatids.</span>
