Explanation:
The two types of furnaces used in steel production are:
<u>Basic oxygen furnace </u>
In basic oxygen furnace, iron is combined with the varying amounts of the steel scrap and also small amounts of the flux in the Blast Furnace. Lance is introduced in vessel and blows about 99% of the pure oxygen causing rise in temperature to about 1700°C. This temperature melts scrap and the impurities are oxidized and results in the liquid steel.
<u>Electric arc furnace</u>
Electric arc furnace reuses existing steel. Furnace is charged with the steel scrap. It operates on basis of electrical charge between the two electrodes providing heat for process. Power is supplied through electrodes placed in furnace, which produce arc of the electricity through scrap steel which raises temperature to about 1600˚C. This temperature melts scrap and the impurities can be removed through use of the fluxes and results in the liquid steel.
Answer:
a) 254.6 GPa
b) 140.86 GPa
Explanation:
a) Considering the expression of rule of mixtures for upper-bound and calculating the modulus of elasticity for upper bound;
Ec(u) = EmVm + EpVp
To calculate the volume fraction of matrix, 0.63 is substituted for Vp in the equation below,
Vm + Vp = 1
Vm = 1 - 0.63
Vm = 0.37
In the first equation,
Where
Em = 68 GPa, Ep = 380 GPa, Vm = 0.37 and Vp = 0.63,
The modulus of elasticity upper-bound is,
Ec(u) = EmVm + EpVp
Ec(u) = (68 x 0.37) + (380 x 0.63)
Ec(u) = 254.6 GPa.
b) Considering the express of rule of mixtures for lower bound;
Ec(l) = (EmEp)/(VmEp + VpEm)
Substituting values into the equation,
Ec(l) = (68 x 380)/(0.37 x 380) + (0.63 x 68)
Ec(l) = 25840/183.44
Ec(l) = 140.86 GPa
Answer:
Define the problem
I hope this helps!
Explanation:
The problem must be know before you can develop and solution, generate concepts, or construct and test a prototype
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Engineers or architects can be asked to draw a sketch of a bridge-design on a graph sheet or A4 paper to communicate their ideas and scale their drawings.
Architectural sketches are about the communication of ideas. Engineers and architects use hand sketching to clarify elements of the design to the contractor or client.
It should be noted that drawings can also be drawn on a graph sheet or A4 paper to represent the detail before it's eventually constructed.
Scale drawings are used for the illustration of items that are not convenient to draw their actual size. In the construction industry, scales are used depending on the nature of the drawing. Drawings can be made on a graph or A4 paper due to the ease of printing, reproducing, and resizing the drawings.
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