The study is called Ecology
The owl would have the least amount of energy from the producer. The higher the organism is on the food pyramid, the less energy it will receive from the producer. For example, if grass is a producer, it has the most energy. Then, if a bunny eats the grass, it takes a part of the grass’s energy but does not take all of the energy. Then, a wolf eats the bunny. The wolf gets a part of the bunny’s energy but not all. The wolf has received the least amount of energy from the grass.
The answer is; the melanin in darkly pigmented skin protects DNA from UV radiation, and UV radiation can cause skin cancer
In Africa, due to its equatorial latitude location, receives direct sunlight at more or less 90 degrees most of the year. These highly concentrated rays increase the UV radiation exposure that can cause damage to cell DNA. Selection pressure, therefore, favored individuals with high melanin concentrations that protect against UV. Therefore population evolved towards high melanin densities in the skin.
Involuntary, meaning things in the body such as your heart is all regulated to act unconsciously while also receiving directives from the brain.
C.
Water vapor is the "fuel" for the hurricanes because it releases the "latent heat of condensation" when it condenses to form clouds and rain, warming the surrounding air. (This heat energy was absorbed by the water vapor when it was evaporated from the warm ocean surface, cooling the ocean in the process
