Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.
We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies.
Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html
Answer:
Natural Earth cycles result in increased temperatures
Explanation:
By temperature looking te the graph we can see that there is a soft increase in temperature from 1880- 1940. It seems that from 1940-1980, the temperature was stable, but since 1980 there is a noticeable temperature increase, until the year 2000. By year there are increases and decreases in temperature, which correspond to the different seasons and temperature cycles over the year, but in a general vision, the temperature is obviously increasing with the pass of years.
According to the statement, <em>the spring growing season is becoming longer than in the second half of the 20th century, and it is coming earlier. </em>This is reflected in the graph from the year 1980 to 2000.
According to the graph and the statement, we could estimate what is going to happen in the next years is there is no change. Although, we can not predict it for sure.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Nope.. It depends on your explanation dear
Answer:
Only blue light reaches deep into the ocean.
Explanation:
Coral reefs exist in waters less than 50 m to 2000 m deep while Red algae have been found living in depths of over 500 feet because both coral reefs and red algae needs blue light for photosynthesis. In the deep sea or ocean, only short wavelength such as blue light reaches deep in the ocean floor while long wavelength light such as red unable to reach so that's why both coral reefs and red algae present and distributed on the ocean floor.