It’s true By the end of the 19th century, the Western powers and Japan had forced China’s ruling Qing dynasty to accept wide foreign control over the country’s economic affairs. In the Opium Wars (1839-42, 1856-60), popular rebellions and the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95), China had fought to resist the foreigners, but it lacked a modernized military and suffered millions of casualties.
The correct answer Having a shoreline makes shipment by sea possible, which is less expensive than over land
North African and Middle Eastern countries can't join the EU since they're not from Europe, and regarding security, it's all the same now since it's not the middle ages any more.
A cliff is a rock exposure with a near vertical (or is vertical) facing. An escarpment is a long cliff, or steep slope. (causes faulting processes)