I'm not sure if I will answer the question you asked, as I many have interpreted it incorrectly. In natural selection, there must be variance in the gene pool, the total frequency of alleles in a population. Now, one of the organisms may have a gene that somehow helps them survive from the selective force much better compared to the others. If this does happen, over time the gene pool will narrow down to become just the genes of that organism that survived better in the first place because the rest would be taken care of by the selective force. So, the alleles and trait come from the first organisms that had the advantage over the others of its species.
Cancer is basically a disease of uncontrolled cell division.
b) some bacteria reduce nitrate ion
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Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in the cell and it also consists of a double membrane. it relates to the solar panels of an amusement park because both things take energy from the sun and use it to provide energy for their systems.
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d) Increasing the pH makes it easier for lactase to function correctly.
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