<span>Confucianism, Buddhism
would be my best guess... but out of the answers you listed they probably want Daoism and Confucianism.
Since Shinto is Japanese and Hinduism is Indian... those two are completely out of the question.
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</span>Daoism<span> isn't really a government influence... it embraces the philosophy of yin and yang. Good and Bad, without one the other cannot exist. Natural influences of a good and bad government doesn't really make a good governing philosophy. Confucianism was really based on good and virtuous, people live life in harmony and proprietary. He's missing the rules and laws of the Legalist system of government. Where it assumes all people are bad and without laws and rules everything would be in chaos. The First Emperor established the Legalist system in China, he was said to have buried alive hundreds of Confucian scholars and burned Confucian books... His reign was short lived, only 14 years. The next dynasty... the Han, governed with a combination of Legalist and Confucian type of government, lasted 426 years. This pretty much continued till the Tang dynasty when Buddhism a larger influence in society.</span><span />
I agree because only the fittest people of society will thrive in life and succeed.
The correct answer is D. Baron de Montesquieu.
Explanation
Charles Louis de Secondat, lord of la Brède and baron de Montesquieu (1689 - 1755) was a French philosopher who stood out for his ideas related to the intellectual and cultural movement of the Enlightenment. His works focused on the theory of separation of powers, which has been introduced in many constitutions around the world. His most famous work on the division of powers was his treatise "On the Spirit of the Laws" in which he states that in antiquity the functions of the State (necessary for the protection of the citizen) were monopolized in a single entity, which usually associates with despotism. Therefore, he proposes to distribute public powers among different entities, which limit each other, avoiding the monopolization of power in a single person or entity. So, the correct answer is D. Baron de Montesquieu.